Meredith: Nice backpack!

Kylee: gee thanks

Meredith: :)

Meredith: have a seat

Meredith: and lets both look over whatever chapter topics you want

Meredith: a good way to do that is to look over the quizzes

Meredith: and see which questions are still fuzzy

Kylee: chemistry....i don’t understand really much from the last 2 chapters

Kylee: ok

Meredith: ok

Meredith: want to start from the beginning on the chem?

Kylee: sure

Meredith: ok - and my board still isn't working but luckily images from last semester are in it

Meredith: so we'll use those

Kylee: alright

Meredith: so, we'll start with what atoms are made of. . what's in them?

Kylee: protons and neutrons?

Meredith: good

Meredith: and one other part

Kylee: electrons

Meredith: good

Meredith: which of those are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Kylee: protons and neutrons

Meredith: very good

Meredith: we'll need a periodic table

Meredith: let me get one

Kylee: ok

Meredith: hold on

Meredith: can you see that OK?

Kylee: yea

Meredith: are you on a mac or a PC

Kylee: pc

Meredith: ok

Meredith: if you alt click and then scroll in

Meredith: you can get the board to zoom

Meredith: lmk if that works

Kylee: gotcha

Kylee: it did

Meredith: good

Meredith: so let's pick an atom

Meredith: how about O (oxygen)

Kylee: ok

Meredith: can you see what the atomic number for O is?

Kylee: it’s 8

Meredith: very good

Meredith: what does that 8 represent?

Kylee: the number of protons

Meredith: very good

Meredith: and how many protons would F have?

Kylee: 9

Meredith: excellent

Meredith: so, let me throw up a pict. of F on the board

Kylee: ok

Meredith: if you click your newspaper/movie button

Meredith: above Map

Meredith: you can see the board

Meredith: let's add neutrons to the F

Kylee: ok

Meredith: do you remember how to tell how many neutrons are in an atom?

Kylee: mmm no

Meredith: np

Meredith: it's by using the atomic mass

Kylee: ohh

Kylee: ok

Meredith: it turns out protons and neutrons are heavy

Meredith: but electrons are light

Meredith: like 1/1800 times lighter than a proton

Kylee: wow

Meredith: right

Meredith: so when estimating the mass of an atom we can just add Protons + Neutrons

Kylee: ok

Meredith: worrying about electrons is like clipping your toenails before getting weighed in at the Dr

Meredith: not going to matter

Kylee: haha gotcha

Meredith: so, let's say our F weighs 17 total

Meredith: how many neutrons do you think it should have?

Kylee: 17?

Meredith: 17 total mass

Meredith: with is due to protons and neutrons

Meredith: it has 9 protons

Meredith: so neutrons should be?

Kylee: so 6 neutrons?

Meredith: close

Kylee: I mean 8

Meredith: right

Meredith: ok - so here is our F so far

Meredith: next we need to add shells

Kylee: i don’t see anything

Meredith: which the electrons "live" in

Meredith: ummmm

Meredith: did you click your media button?

Kylee: yea

Meredith: did you see the last pict ok?

Kylee: no... I didn’t know you put one up

Meredith: ok

Meredith: do this

Meredith: go to Edit

Meredith: then Preferences

Meredith: lmk when you are there

Kylee: ok

Kylee: there

Meredith: click Audio and Video

Kylee: ok

Meredith: is there a check in both "Play streaming" boxes?

Kylee: no

Meredith: ok - check both

Kylee: ok

Meredith: then click ok

Meredith: any better?

Kylee: nope ... I still don’t see anything

Meredith: ok - now just above Map is a thing that looks like a newspaper

Meredith: click the arrow next to it

Meredith: anything now?

Kylee: yes!

Kylee: thanks

Meredith: AWESOME

Meredith: ok

Meredith: so, we have our F growing

Meredith: with P and N

Kylee: yes

Meredith: and now we need to add shells

Kylee: ok

Meredith: do you remember how to tell how many shells an atom has?

Kylee: is that what group they are in

Meredith: close

Kylee: period?

Meredith: right

Kylee: ok

Meredith: so which for F?

Kylee: 2

Meredith: exactly right

Meredith: next we need to add in electrons

Meredith: how many total in F do you think?

Kylee: 9

Meredith: right

Meredith: if it isn't an ion it will have E = P

Kylee: ok

Meredith: do you remember how many E fit in the inner most (1st) shell?

Kylee: 2

Meredith: right

Meredith: so 7 in the outer

Kylee: yes

Meredith: and that is the # that comes from the groups . . . the 7

Meredith: so good job building an F ion

Kylee: oh ok ... that’s where that comes from

Kylee: thanks

Meredith: np

Meredith: next idea . . . isotopes

Meredith: do you remember what those are?

Kylee: they have the same protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons or something?

Meredith: right

Meredith: # of neutrons changes

Meredith: making the atom a little heavier or lighter

Meredith: depending

Meredith: so if we wanted to make our F weigh 18

Meredith: what would we need to do?

Kylee: add a neutron?

Meredith: exactly ;)

Meredith: same atom, different mass

Kylee: ok

Meredith: so the masses are not fixed

Meredith: on a periodic table they will list the average mass for all atoms on earth

Kylee: oh ok

Meredith: but a real atom's mass . . . someone needs to tell you that or tell you # of neutrons

Kylee: ok

Meredith: let's do one more thing with our F

Meredith: let's make it an ion

Meredith: what would we need to do for that?

Kylee: add 1 electron?

Meredith: right

Meredith: for F it would want 1 more

Meredith: and why 1?

Kylee: that’s the octet rule right?

Meredith: right

Kylee: because it is easier to add one then take 7 away

Meredith: it steals a E from a weak atom

Kylee: oh ok

Meredith: ok - so want another example or OK with atom building?

Kylee: I think I’m ok with atom building

Meredith: ok - great

Meredith: how about covalent bonds?

Kylee: I don’t think I know a lot about them

Meredith: ok

Meredith: so Carbon is one atom that makes covalent bonds a lot

Kylee: ok

Meredith: let me get to a C picture

Meredith: C has an atomic # of 6

Meredith: so 2 E in the first shell

Meredith: 4 in the second

Kylee: ok

Meredith: what would C need to do for the octet rule?

Kylee: either add 4 or take away 4

Meredith: right

Meredith: a lot either way

Kylee: yea

Meredith: so it shares instead

Meredith: H and C atoms will get permanently stuck

Meredith: and share pairs of electrons

Meredith: by overlapping shells

Meredith: they are like Siamese twins

Meredith: but happy

Kylee: is there a reason we picked H or does it not matter?

Meredith: well, other atoms do too, but H is the most common atom to bond with C in biology

Kylee: ok

Meredith: and C is all over the place

Meredith: C-containing molecules is what chapter 3 is about

Kylee: oh right

Meredith: so, maybe look over quiz 2 and lmk if any other ideas should be gone over here

Kylee: I think I’m ok with that... I had the most trouble with quiz 3 and 4

Meredith: ok

Meredith: so on chapter 3 . . . let me open that too

Meredith: one sec

Meredith: ok - so hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Meredith: let me look for images

Meredith: one sec

Meredith: no luck

Meredith: do you remember what hydrophobic is?

Meredith: or hydrophilic?

Kylee: hydrophobic is not soluable in water

Meredith: right

Kylee: and hydrophilic things are

Meredith: right

Meredith: and hydrophobic things are usually made form just C and H

Kylee: I do remember reading about that

Meredith: while hydrophilic things tend to have C and H but also O, N, P or S atoms

Kylee: so that means if there are other elements besides C and H then its hydrophilic?

Meredith: so the N, O, P and S atoms can make something hydrophobic become hydrophilic

Meredith: right

Kylee: ok

Meredith: so I think that covers Quiz 3 #3

Kylee: ok

Meredith: I think up to #12 it's just those hard choose-several-but-I-don't-tell-you-how-many questions :)

Meredith: good for the brain though

Kylee: haha

Kylee: yea

Meredith: :)

Meredith: so Quiz 3 #12

Meredith: that one throws a lot of people for a loop

Meredith: what do you think happened on that one?

Kylee: i don’t remember what the question was

Meredith: Organisms store genetic information regarding how to build proteins in molecules such as. . .

Meredith: the subject of that sentence is genetic info or proteins?

Kylee: I’m not sure

Meredith: Organisms store genetic information regarding how to build proteins in molecules such as. . .

Meredith: it’s the genetic info

Kylee: ok

Meredith: the part about the proteins is superfluous

Meredith: unneeded

Meredith: and I have the right to be picky :)

Kylee: understood

Meredith: so the answer to that one is nucleic acids

Meredith: Organisms store genetic information regarding how to build proteins in molecules such as . . .nucleic acids

Kylee: ok

Meredith: ok - #13 is a toughie

Meredith: let me find a link for you

Meredith: one sec

Kylee: ok thanks

Meredith: http://www.bio101.net/development/media/protein/protein_structure.htm

Meredith: if you click the chat bubble so that the words are in the grey box. . .

Meredith: do you know how to do that?

Kylee: no

Meredith: ok - very bottom left corner

Meredith: click that icon

Kylee: my text box just disappears

Meredith: oh. . .

Meredith: ummm. . . my bad. . . I mean the communicate button

Meredith: next to it

Kylee: ok

Meredith: then click on the blue url

Meredith: http://www.bio101.net/development/media/protein/protein_structure.htm

Meredith: and a window will pop up

Kylee: I don’t have anything in that box

Meredith: finally, click "open in my web browser"

Kylee: found it

Meredith: watch that for a sec

Meredith: lmk when you are done

Kylee: I will

Kylee: ok all done

Meredith: ok - so let's see if it helped

Kylee: ok

Meredith: not explicit in the movie. . . what are proteins made from?

Kylee: acids?

Meredith: right

Meredith: they are called amino acids

Meredith: body builders eat a lot of them to bulk up

Meredith: they make proteins (and muscle)

Meredith: so, say I'm your friend asking about primary structure for some utterly non-sense reason

Kylee: ok

Meredith: what would you describe it as?

Meredith: like she is on the millionaire show and is doing a phone call to you?!

Kylee: umm...little amino acid molecules? I’m not too sure how to describe it

Meredith: right

Meredith: amino acids make long chains

Kylee: oh ok

Meredith: like a pearl necklace

Meredith: so the long necklace with all the amino acid pearls in a row is the primary structure

Kylee: ok

Meredith: how is secondary structure difft. from primary?

Meredith: from what you could tell

Kylee: there are some parts that have become a coil or pattern

Meredith: right

Meredith: and that happens pretty spontaneously

Meredith: it's kind of weird

Meredith: you can take a lot of proteins and stretch them out

Meredith: and they will snap back into those patterns!

Kylee: hmm

Meredith: not that you need to know that

Kylee: ha ok

Meredith: but those shapes fall out of the universe

Meredith: literally

Meredith: ok - so how is tertiary structure difft.?

Kylee: that’s when the entire structure has a shape to it

Meredith: right

Meredith: the full protein

Meredith: and what do you need for quaternary structure?

Kylee: another protein structure

Meredith: right

Meredith: good

Meredith: so that's good for quiz 3

Kylee: yes

Meredith: I'll tell you. I don't think my fingers can take quiz 4

Kylee: haha that’s alright

Meredith: is there a time tomorrow or this weekend we could meet again?

Meredith: it wouldn't take too long

Kylee: I can after our lab meeting on Sunday

Meredith: ok

Kylee: but other than that no

Meredith: let's do that

Kylee: ok

Meredith: Sun

Meredith: ok

Kylee: that’s works

Meredith: then have a great Thurs night

Kylee: thanks . . . you too

Meredith: and see you Sunday

Meredith: night!

Kylee: bye